The RESM encoder features a large diameter, low-profile stainless steel ring that mounts directly to the machine shaft, avoiding coupling losses, oscillation, shaft torsion and other hysteresis errors inherent with sealed encoders, says the vendor. Available in industry standard ring diameters from 52mm to 413mm, the RESM encoders feature 20mm scale marked directly on the ring periphery, and an embedded In-Trac autophase optical reference mark that is repeatable in both directions.